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UV Science Basics

The Electromagnetic Spectrum, but Make It Skincare

UVC, UVB, UVA, visible, infrared — what hits your skin and what doesn't.

By the numbers

About 95% of UV radiation reaching the ground is UVA; only ~5% is UVB.

Dermatologists summarize it simply: UVB causes the burn, UVA drives the aging.
What the evidence shows

Frequently asked questions

Does UV come through windows and clouds?

Largely, yes. Standard glass blocks most UVB but lets UVA through, so windows at home, in the office, or a car's side windows still expose skin to aging rays (laminated windshields block most UVA). Clouds stop only a fraction of UV, so protect skin near windows and on overcast days.

How does sunscreen actually work?

Sunscreens use UV filters in two groups. Organic ('chemical') filters such as avobenzone absorb UV and release it as a small amount of heat. Mineral ('physical') filters — zinc oxide and titanium dioxide — mainly absorb UV and also scatter some. Both cut how much UV reaches living skin cells.

What is the difference between UVA and UVB rays?

UVB rays have shorter wavelengths and cause sunburn, affecting mainly the skin's surface; UVA rays penetrate deeper and drive premature aging, wrinkles and pigmentation. About 95% of the UV reaching the ground is UVA. Both damage DNA and contribute to skin cancer, which is why 'broad-spectrum' protection against both matters.

What people are asking

r/SkincareAddiction: 'Do I really need SPF if I'm inside all day near a window?'

Sources & citations

  • EPA, 'A Guide to the UV Index' (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994/updated)
  • epa.gov ↗

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