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UV Science Basics

How Sun Exposure Adds Up: A Lifetime Visualization

Small daily doses build the damage that shows up later.

By the numbers

The UV Index scale runs from 1-2 (low) to 11+ (extreme); protection is advised above 3.

Roughly 95% of the UV reaching Earth's surface is longer-wavelength UVA.
What the evidence actually says — Dermatology Times — Visible Light Protection for Diverse Patients

Questions we get a lot

What does the UV index mean and when should I protect my skin?

The UV Index, from the EPA and WHO, rates the strength of midday UV on a scale from 1–2 (low) to 11+ (extreme). Dermatologists generally advise sun protection whenever it reaches 3 or higher. It appears in most weather apps and rises with sun elevation, altitude and proximity to the equator.

Is visible light bad for skin?

Visible light makes up about 45% of sunlight. Research shows high-energy visible (blue) light can worsen pigmentation and melasma, especially in medium-to-deep skin tones. Tinted sunscreens containing iron oxides help shield against it, which clear sunscreens generally do not.

How does sunscreen actually work?

Sunscreens use UV filters in two groups. Organic ('chemical') filters such as avobenzone absorb UV and release it as a small amount of heat. Mineral ('physical') filters — zinc oxide and titanium dioxide — mainly absorb UV and also scatter some. Both cut how much UV reaches living skin cells.

What people keep asking

r/AsianBeauty: 'Why do K-beauty sunscreens talk about UVA so much more than US ones?'

Sources & citations

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