What it is
Eugenol is a phenolic aromatic molecule with a warm, spicy, clove-like odor and is the principal component of clove oil. In cosmetics it is used in small amounts to contribute to or mask scent. It is one of the fragrance substances that EU labeling rules require to be declared on the ingredient list because of its allergenic potential.
Safety & warnings
Eugenol is a recognized fragrance allergen and is among the substances that must be declared on cosmetic labels in the EU when present above set thresholds. It can cause allergic contact dermatitis in sensitized individuals, so people with fragrance sensitivities or known clove allergy should be cautious and may prefer fragrance-free products.
Origin & sourcing
Occurs naturally in clove, cinnamon leaf, basil, and other essential oils; the cosmetic-grade material may be isolated from these natural sources or produced synthetically.
History
Eugenol has a long history of use through clove oil in flavoring, perfumery, and traditional dental preparations, and it remains a familiar fragrance and aromatic component today.
Questions everyone asks
Why is eugenol listed separately on labels?
It is a known fragrance allergen, so labeling rules in regions such as the EU require it to be declared by name above set thresholds.
Can eugenol cause skin reactions?
Yes. In sensitized people it can trigger allergic contact dermatitis, so those with fragrance allergies should be cautious.